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All Energy Hypothesis ZhiXiong Zhou Abstract Everything is energy. Energy can influence each other, and the relationship between energies can be mutual attraction, repulsion, or no interaction. Space is a form of energy, which can be consumed and generated. The consumption of space generates gravity. Among numerous principles, the one I most admire is Occam's Razor principle. If multiple phenomena can be explained by simple theories, why use many complex and difficult-to-understand theories? It is because of this that I have been moving further away from modern physics. Hypothesis Everything is a state of energy Everything is energy. Energy exists in various forms: particles, rays, fields, etc. Here, energy refers to the smallest unit of existence that can be divided. They have no structure or volume; they exist purely as energy. Energy can be consumed, generated, and transformed. Repulsion of Energies Some energies may be repulsive, especially between the same kind of energy. Please imagine that if the same energies are not mutually exclusive when they meet, then they are very likely to fuse into greater units of energies, which would be found out by us already. Obviously, this situation has not been found so far, so we can reasonably consider that the same energy is mutually exclusive. The distance at which the energy repels, expressed as the magnitude of the energy. This size is not fixed, but relative to different types of energy. The magnitude of the mutual repulsion between different energies is different, so the magnitude of the energy is also different. But if the two energies are not mutually exclusive, then there will be no volume. Mutual repulsion of energy will manifest itself as particles. For example: after two marbles collide, they are likely to bounce off, at least not fuse together, because of mutual exclusion. The electrons on the surfaces of the two marbles repel each other, making it impossible for the two marbles to overlap in space. The same is true for atoms: two atoms cannot overlap in space because the electrons on the surfaces of the atoms repel each other. Attraction between energies Certain energies attract each other, such as protons and electrons. Different energies meet and interact. Energy encounters are random, and if two energies combine to form a stable state, they may persist, such as protons and electrons, because this combination is very stable, so most of the substances around us have atomic structures. If the combination of energies is unstable, they will quickly separate and be replaced by other more stable combinations. For example, the combination of electrons with electrons is unseen in our lives because it has been replaced by the more stable combination of protons and electrons. This is also the essence of chemistry: in certain environments, some bonds are replaced by others. . Overlap of energies Some energies do not interact with each other, neither repelling nor attracting. When they meet, they overlap in space, meaning that these two energies are both in the same location but do not affect each other. They can pass through each other. In daily life, this phenomenon is understood by us as waves and fields, etc. Space-Energy Assuming space is also a form of energy. Space can be consumed. Space will uniformly regenerate itself. In most cases, space overlaps with other energies. Space moves from areas of high density to low density, similar to air. When air decreases at a certain point, surrounding air replenishes to achieve density equilibrium, like the operating principle of a vacuum cleaner, except a vacuum cleaner utilizes differences in air molecule density. Production of Gravity Assuming there is a force field around the nucleus of an atom, this field prevents electrons from getting into the nucleus. But the electrons still can get in the nucleus under a certain probability. As soon as an electron breaks through the field, the electron will be teleported out of the atom. This teleportation consumes Space-Energy, and the Space-Energy will be extinguished. The void will be filled by other Space-Energy immediately. The space around the atom is constantly annihilated, and is immediately replenished by the nearby space. The movement of space carries everything in the space to the center of the earth, so we feel that we are pulled to the center of the earth by gravity. In essence, the space under our feet is decreasing, and we are carried down by the space above our heads. The mechanism of gravity here is quite different from the "elevator" mechanism that someone likened: this kind of gravity is that space carries every molecule to the center of the earth at the same time, and the "elevator" is to push the molecule on the bottom of the foot first, and then the molecule pushes other molecules molecules move. If the observed object is water droplets, the difference between the two will be obvious. The essence of gravity is acceleration, an acceleration that acts on every atom evenly and simultaneously. Gravity is a side effect of the existence of atomic structure. Calculation of gravitational acceleration Because gravity is generated by the annihilation of space, as the quantity of atoms is constant, the annihilation of space is constant, and the amount of space flowing to the substance is stable as well. The annihilation of space is proportional to the mass. Presume there is a Mass-Space-Rate (MSR) in units of (m3/gs), stands for the space is annihilated by 1 gram per 1 second. Then the total amount of spatial movement produced by a certain mass is: M MSR The total amount of moving-space through the SPHERICAL-SURFACEs, which revolve the substance as the center, is equivalent. As the area of the SPHERICAL-SURFACE is larger, the intensity of the moving-space is smaller. If the distance from a point to center of sphere is “r”, then the moving-space intensity at the point is: A=M ×MSRS=M ×MSR4r2 For the purpose to calculate the acceleration between substance 1 and substance 2, we should add the accelerations of both: A12=A1+A2=M1MSR4r2 +M2MSR4r2=(M1+M2)MSR4r2 M1,M2andr2 mentioned here are variables, the others are constants. Assuming the M1 is the earth,M2 is the observation object on Earth,M2is small enough to be calculated negligibly. The acceleration calculated by the method of spatial motion is: AEarth=MEarthMSREarth4r2=g As we already measured, g=9.80665 (m/s2), rEarth=6371km, MEarth=5.97237×1024 kg, so we can calculate and get: MSREarth=8.37527×10-13 (m3/gs) Presuming the Moon, Mars and Mercury’s elemental compositions are similar to earth, we can use MSREarth to calculate their gravities. Moon: MMoon=7.3477×1022 kg, rMoon=1737.1km, then we can get AMoon=1.6229(m/s2) Mercury: MMercury=3.3022×1023 kg, rMercury=2439.7km, then we can get AMercury=3.6976(m/s2) Mars: MMars=6.4185×1023 kg, rMars=3389.5km, then we can get AMars=3.7235(m/s2) The above calculation results confirm that this calculation method is correct. Feasibility of Antigravity Since the atoms of the earth continuously consume space, space is replenished from the periphery of the earth to the atoms of the earth. Space moves from above us to the center of the earth, and we are carried by space to move towards the center of the earth, forming the gravity of the earth. If we can transfer space from above us to below us, as long as there is enough space, we can counteract the space movement caused by the earth. If the amount we move is greater than gravity, we may even move upward. This anti-gravity flying machine has a significant advantage: it can accelerate easily in a vacuum without consuming mass. It can easily change direction in zero gravity. The Explanation of Milky Way Galaxy If space can regenerate itself, many phenomena can be explained. The singularity hypothesis can be abandoned. Since space is constantly regenerated, when the distance between celestial bodies is far enough, the generation of space exceeds consumption, so the distance between celestial bodies will become farther and farther. This is enough to explain the Doppler effect. The origin of the universe may not necessarily require the existence of a singularity. For now, people generally assume that there is a large amount of mass that we cannot observe at the center of the Milky Way, so it can pull the celestial bodies at the edge without falling apart. People call this imaginary substance dark matter. But if space is constantly regenerated, the phenomena of the structure of the Milky Way can be easily explained without assuming the existence of nonexistent dark matter. At the periphery of the Milky Way, there is a very large amount of space, which continuously generates huge space. Because the density of this space energy is relatively high, this space energy moves toward the low-density center of the Milky Way, pushing all celestial bodies towards the center. This movement is essentially gravity, but this gravity is not only generated by the mass in the center of the Milky Way, but also the result of the addition of space outside the periphery of the Milky Way. At a certain distance, the amount of space generated is enough to make the speed of the observed objects move away from us exceeds the speed of light. Any signal generated by the observed objects cannot be transmitted to the earth. This is our observable limit. It can boldly be speculated that the history of the universe is much longer than 13.8 billion years. It is just that we can only observe 13.8 billion years. The shape of the universe is not necessarily a sphere. It's just that we can only observe things within a certain distance, with the earth as the center of the sphere, giving us the illusion that the universe is a sphere. Repulsion's Explanation of Diffraction If the photons were mutually exclusive, when two photons collide at a certain speed, they would bounce off like pinballs. The direction in which they bounce off is related to the angle at which they collided. When only the approximate direction of motion is known, the colliding motion of two photons is unpredictable. If not two, but a large number of photons (such as two beams of light) meet, it is possible to estimate the probability of movement of the two beams of light. It is conceivable that the two photons will separate after colliding, and continue to move forward in a cone. If there is no collision, the photons will arrive at the viewing screen in a straight line, appearing as a uniform light and shadow. Because of the collision of two photons, the photons no longer reach the observation screen according to the original route after the collision, and no photons arrive in some areas, forming diffracted light spots. To form diffraction visible to the naked eye, two beams of light need to have the same frequency and a stable angle, so that they can collide stably and form a stable spot. If the frequencies are not the same, then the photons cannot collide in the same place consecutively. If the angle of the two beams of light is unstable, then the photons cannot collide at the same angle continuously, and the route after the collision will not be stable. Therefore, in many experiments, in order to observe diffraction, the same light source is divided into two parts by a spectroscope, and then interfered. If the two beams of light with different frequencies and indefinite angles double-cross, the photons will still collide, but the diffraction image that is visible to the naked eye cannot be formed. For nowaday wave-particle duality of light is inspired by mechanical waves such as water waves, and needs to be reconsidered. Based on the above, let’s review the Michelson–Morley experiment. For now we do not consider the hypothesis and inferences of this experiment for the time being, but focus on the design of this experiment. Since the light source and the mirror have no relative displacement for the entire experimental system, the angle at which the two beams intersect remains unchanged. Even if the phase changes, the Diffraction should keep stable (Shankland 16). In short, the experimental device produces only constant diffraction images. And can't prove any theories (eg: ether theory, relativity, etc.) or not. Photons Repulsion can explain the Double-slit experiment (Feynman) as well. If the beam passes through a slit, a slit-shaped light is projected on the viewing screen. But not an absolute slit shape, on the dark viewing screen near the light bar, some photons will still be cast on it, just too few to be seen with the naked eye. The reason for this phenomenon is that some photons are deflected as they pass through the slit, causing collisions, so that some photons are thrown outside the shape of the light bar. There are many reasons for photon deflection: ● The volume of the light source is large, so that the angle between the light source and the slit forms an angle, which is not balanced enough, resulting in intersection. ● The wall of the slit is thick and the volume of the light source is large, some photons hit the wall of the slit, causing bounce and intersection. ● The large mass of the slit attracts photons to move towards the slit wall, the principle is similar to that of a gravitational lens. When the beam passes through two slits, the deflection of the photons occurs in both slits. As long as the two slits are close enough, the deflected photons will easily collide, and after several collisions, several spots will form instead of two. In the which-way experiment, we release very small amounts of photons to observe. When the photon(s) pass the one slit, it will move in the long-strip-cone, but there is no other photon (or enough photons) to repulse. So the photon(s) move in the long-strip-cone without repulsions. Then all photons hit in the two strips, but not multiple strips. In other words, the cause of the which-way experiment is insufficiency of photons. Conclusion All particles are mutually exclusive, with some particles that attract each other and some that do not interact. When energies encounter, they overlap, repel, or attract each other. The principle of gravity is the consumption of space energy, and the intensity of gravity depends on the speed of space movement. Anti-gravity flying machines are theoretically feasible. The structure of the universe is not necessarily a singularity, and the universe may be much older than the current observation limit. The wave-particle duality of light needs to be reconsidered. The Michelson–Morley experiment cannot prove any theory.

Doubts about quantum entanglement. I doubt that our current technology can complete the experiment of quantum entanglement: divide one quantum into two and observe them separately. How high will the completion rate of this experiment be? If it can be done, what about splitting one of these two quanta into two more? Do you get three quanta or four? If it cannot be further divided, does it mean that this experiment cannot be completed within a certain range?

Yes, my friend, there was mercury in ancient China. I hope you don't misunderstand the purpose of this mercury. It existed in the mausoleum as a model of the rivers. The production and application of mercury is much more difficult than that of stone.

Thanks for replying, and sorry to hear that unsolvable. If: we got the magnet size, the steel balls size, steel ball number, we can get a only one result, so I think we can use math to figure it out,

On a horizontal plane, there is a circular magnet and a lot of steel balls, what mathematical method can be used to express the distribution of these steel balls' positions? It can be many lays balls around the magnet center, is that posible to calculate each ball location?

The Atomic Clocks and Time Dilation Simon Zhou Abstract The atomic clocks on-board each satellite tick faster than identical clocks on the ground by about 38 microseconds per day. People like to use this fact to prove Relativity and call it time dilation. With no doubt, Relativity is one of the explanations of the atomic clocks phenomenon, but is it the only one? How Atomic Clocks Work The principle of operation of an atomic clock is based on atomic physics: it measures the electromagnetic signal that electrons in atoms emit when they change energy levels. Since 1968, the International System of Units (SI) has defined the second as the duration of 9192631770 cycles of radiation corresponding to the transition between two energy levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom. When an electron jumps from an energy level to a lower energy level, it releases electromagnetic waves. The atomic clock counts these electromagnetic waves to click time. Is there any chance an electron jumps into another nucleus? In reality, it’s more like layers of clouds wrapped around the nucleus, with the electrons being somewhere in the layers of the cloud. One way to think of it is as a probability cloud, with a high probability that the electron is somewhere in a particular layer. Due to the quirks of quantum physics, we can’t directly determine where an electron is located in space at any given time without breaking things, but we can infer where it is by indirect measurements. In other words, an electron may move anywhere, only depending on the difference in probability. It is possible for an electron to jump into a nearby nucleus. When an electron jumps into another nucleus, we will lose a count An electron jumps up to a higher energy level, then jumps to a lower energy level and releases a wave. The wave is the keypoint the atomic clock counts on. Electrons keep jumping like flipping coins. When an electron jumps into a nucleus, the result will become difficult to estimate. It could cause a Beta decay, or mostly the electron would be kicked out as a normal electron. It is probably to lose a wave. This probability is very low, still, a count is lost. Such loss of counting will not affect the accuracy of the atomic clock on the surface of the earth. Because that number 9192631770 is calculated through repeated comparisons by many scientists on the surface of the earth. It contains the loss of counting, even though they did not notice it. On the earth, the number 9192631770 can make the atomic clocks very precise, even if people ignore the missed counting of electrons. Density affect the chance of jumping The jumping distance of electrons is limited. Within the effective jumping distance of electrons, if there are more nuclei, the electrons have greater the chance to jump into other nuclei. If the density of caesium becomes larger, the space it occupies will become smaller, the number of nuclei per unit space will increase, and the loss of counting will increase. Conversely, if the density of caesium becomes smaller, the space it occupies will become larger, the number of nucleus per unit space will decrease, and the loss of counting will also decrease. The atomic clocks on the satellite. On the surface of the earth, the atomic clock runs well with 9192631770 counting. After the atomic clock is sent to the weightless space, the density of caesium will be decreased, the loss of counting will be decreased as well. The waves will be a little more than on the earth. If we still use the 9192631770 to count the second, the atomic clock will become inaccurate but go faster. That gives people an illusion: the time on the satellite is faster than the time on the earth, which is the time dilation which people wishfully believe in. An experiment can prove it or not A simple experiment can prove it or not: setup two small atomic clocks and a centrifuge. Put one clock in the centrifuge, keep it under high centrifugal force, the density will increase. This atomic clock’s miscounting will go up, and it will run slower than the stay one. Then compare two clocks. If this density theory is right, the atomic clock on the centrifuge will be slower than the other one. That can prove the time dilation is not caused by gravity, but by an increase of density. Conclusion The “time dilation” is caused by the density increase of caesium, but not by change of gravity. The “time dilation” can not prove GR but can prove GR wrong.

Hello my friend F=ma (F is force and a is acceleration, m is mass) , This is Newton's law. Not V. About gravity, there are many hypothesis, and all of them can not be proof or not. To me, gravity is not force, but acceleration. Space consumption causes gravity.

Anyone got the paper of Giorgio Parisi, The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021? Would you mind share it?

Ｗhen an electron jumps from an energy level to a lower energy level, it releases electromagnetic waves. The atomic clock counts these electromagnetic waves to click time. When an electron jumps into another nucleus, it won't come out and jump to lower energy level anymore, and it won't release wave for the one jump before. Atom clock will miss the count of the jump. Suppose that the jump of electrons is limited by a certain distance. In this distance, higher density will contain more nucleus, more nucleus meaning more chance to jump into nucleus. Negligibly means greater than zero. 38 microseconds in one day is really negligibly as well.

No matter the temperatures, electrons still have chance to jump into other nucleus. I hope you can understand how different my hypothesis is right or not. It can turn satellite atomic clock phenomenon to against the Relativity.

My friend, I am not talking about confusion or flip a coin, I have no problem with them. I am talking about missing counting. I summarized my questions as follows: Is there any chance an electron jumps into another nucleus? When an electron jumps into another nucleus, will we lose a count? Does density affect the chance of jumping? Has the designer of the atom clock anticipated this situation and devised a preventive mechanism? Any of the above can negate my hypothesis.

My friends, thanks for your replies. But it is a little far away to talk about dark matter and gravity wave. Let's come back to my hypothesis. "... a detector counts the number that flipped to higher energy states..." acutaully it counts the waves which electrons release. When a electron jumps into another nucleus, we miss a count. Density doesn't play role in atom clock design really, but doesn't it matter the atom clock? When the density is high, the nucleus are closer, and the chance of electrons jumping into nucleus are higher. In other words, in higher density, we miss more counts. That is why atom clock in satellite clicks faster than on the earth, in satellite the density is less than on the earth, and less miss counts. The Hafele-Keating experiment support my hypothesis as well.

So is there any chance a electron jumping into another nucleus? Gravity influencing clock rate is much different with influencing time.

Atom Clock and Time Dilation In short: when an electron jumps from an energy level to a lower energy level, it releases electromagnetic waves. The atomic clock counts these electromagnetic waves to click time. ---------- The above does not need to be discussed ---------- Does each jump release a wave? My hypothesis: There is a little chance, the electron jumps into another atom nucleus directly, then we will lose a wave. When the density of cesium increases, the distance between cesium atoms decreases, the chance of electrons jumping into another atom nucleus directly increases. The atom clock will count less than before. So there will be a situation: For the two calibrated atomic clocks, the one with low cesium density will go faster than the one with high cesium density. This is what people call time dilation right now. The nature of time dilation: Gravity increases the density of cesium, so that the wavenumber of atomic clocks is less than that of weightless atomic clocks. It's not that gravity slows down time. ---------- An experiment can proof it or not ---------- A simple experiment: Two small atom clocks and a centrifuge. Put one clock in the centrifuge, keep it under high centrifugal force, the density will increase. Then compare two clocks.

Thanks for your reply. Can I interpret your answer as "after the rotation, the light does not change"? Is the device of Michelson-Morley independently of direction as well?

If observer_1 saw the light hit point A on mirror 1, them observer_2 would see the light hit point A on mirror 1 as well. In my experiment, the mirrors, light source, earth and observer are all in a same frame. What I am curious about is the direction of the light.

I think you misunderstand me because of my terrible English. Allow me state it again. I set up two perfectly balanced mirrors, plumb to earth. One faces south and the other faces north. I set up a light source in them, keep the light being reflected back and forth at a fixed point in the two mirrors. Because whole set equipment is moving from west to east, then the angle of the light source must not be perpendicular to the two mirrors, but slightly to the east. If the light is not affected by the movement of the light source, the light source must be slightly east to catch up the two mirrors in motion. If I rotate the device 180 degrees horizontally, like the Michelson–Morley experiment. Then the light source will be slightly to the west. My question: will the light still reflect at the same two points? or goes to west?

No fighting please. Let's go back to the experiment at 1st, after I rotate the set, what will happen? Do you guys think the light will move to west?

Can I understand it this way: "everything that has energy has mass"?

I have to say: Not everything must be composed of something. Under the sun light, you can see your shade, that means sun light is blocked partially, so sun light is not a whole piece. Light from star take years to come to earth, even the star was gone, that means light can be separated from the resource. So I think light is composed by photons is reasonable. Gravity is NOT composed by anything, gravity is just a phenomenon, not a substance.

My friend, if I say: Gravity is not caused by the curve of space, but by the consumption of space.

I never witnessed any experimental evidence personally. So I doubt everything. I believe in photons because I think photon is the lowest unit of light. Light must be composed of something, and it's okay to call it a photon. I am very interested in light, I will read your articles.

The reason why I don't believe in the theory of relativity is mainly because the phenomenon can be explained by the theory of relativity, and other theories can also explain it, and it is more reasonable. Nowadays, the theory of relativity is more like religion than science. People who do not support the theory of relativity basically have no right to speak. Sane scientists are no less enthusiastic about the theory of relativity than priests preaching Catholicism, and they can't even insist on being objective. If the momentum of a photon can be absorbed by others, can its speed be reduced?

If photon has momentum, could that be possible: When two photons collide, part of the momentum of one is transferred to the other?

I don't trust lativity, and I don't trust anything. I want to know "the speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of their relative motion or of the motion of the light source" is correct or not. To me, facts are more persuasive then theory. Is there any factto support it? I think this experiment can prove it or not easily, it is easier than Michelson–Morley experiment to do. I am curious if a similar experiment has been done. Based on your understanding of the theory of relativity, can you tell me what the result of this experiment will be?