Tidal Perspective on Universal Energy: Rethinking the Role of Tidal Gravitational Forces /waves

[Dandav]

 Abstract

·        Modern cosmology and planetary science offer profound insights into the structure and evolution of the universe. However, a central mystery remains: how energy originated and continues to evolve on cosmic scales. The standard Big Bang Theory (BBT), provides no clear mechanism for the initial emergence or sustained generation of energy in the universe—either before or after the Big Bang. Despite this gap, alternative hypotheses are often dismissed without full scientific engagement. This article proposes a bold, integrative framework: tidal forces, arising from gravitational interactions between celestial bodies, play a pivotal role not only in shaping planetary systems but also in generating electromagnetic energy across the cosmos.

·       

---

·        1. Introduction: The Unanswered Energy Question

·        The Big Bang Theory outlines a timeline for the expansion of the universe, but it remains silent on the origin of energy itself. How did energy—kinetic, thermal, electromagnetic, or gravitational—arise in the first place? How is it sustained and transferred without violating conservation laws?

·        Despite this unknown, many scientists insist that alternative views—especially those suggesting a deeper link between gravitational and electromagnetic forces—are "incorrect" without fully exploring their merits. This raises an important philosophical question: Is it scientifically fair to dismiss unconventional models while the mainstream theory itself cannot account for the origin of energy?

·       

---

·        2. A Tidal-Based Energy Generation Hypothesis

·        This article proposes that tidal forces—resulting from differential gravitational attraction between celestial bodies—can be converted into heat and electromagnetic energy. Unlike theories that rely exclusively on nuclear fusion or radioactive decay, this model explores how gravitational waves and tidal stress can fuel electromagnetic dynamo mechanisms in stars, planets, Pulsars, Bhs SMBHs and other galactic structures.

·        2.1. The Dual Nature of Tidal Forces

·        Tidal forces have two distinct components:

·        Horizontal Component: Acts tangentially, stretches planetary bodies forward and backward, generating tidal bulges and ocean movement.

·        Vertical Component: Compresses celestial bodies along their axis, especially at the poles, exerting inward pressure that can modify internal structure and thermal dynamics.

·        Both components can affect planetary interiors, but the vertical component, often overlooked, could be key to triggering electromagnetic phenomena.

·       

---

·        3. Earth as a Tidal Dynamo

·        The Earth offers a unique laboratory for testing this hypothesis. The horizontal tidal force exerts friction on the Earth's rotating shell, theoretically slowing its spin. The Moon is already tidally locked; by analogy, Earth should also have halted its rotation—but it hasn’t.

·        This contradiction suggests a counteracting mechanism: the vertical tidal component. Here's how the proposed system works:

·        3.1. Structural Components of the Tidal Dynamo:

·        Solid Electric Axis Core: Formed by compression from vertical tidal forces at the poles.

·        Hot Liquid Plasma Layer: Surrounds the solid axis, generated by Earth's internal heat.

·        Outer Shell: Experiences tidal friction from horizontal forces, slowing its rotation.

·        3.2. Energy Generation Mechanism

·        The vertical tidal force fluctuates due to the Moon’s elliptical orbit and the influence of other celestial bodies.

·        These fluctuations compress and release the solid axis core, generating rotational momentum similar to a spinning top or Hanukkah dreidel.

·        The core spins independently of the outer shell, interacting with the conductive plasma to generate a magnetic field and electromagnetic energy, like a planetary dynamo.

·       

---

·        4. Extending the Model to the Sun and Other Stars

·        This same principle could apply to stars. The Sun's enormous magnetic field and high-energy corona remain partially unexplained by fusion alone. Tidal interactions with planets (especially Jupiter) and the vertical compression within the Sun may contribute to a solar dynamo that harnesses tidal gravitational energy—without violating conservation laws or significantly depleting gravitational strength.

·        This view also suggests a new origin for stellar magnetism and corona heating that complements, rather than replaces, nuclear fusion.

·       

---

·        5. Universal Implications and Observational Correlations

·        Moon's Drift from Earth: Caused by the transfer of angular momentum, consistent with tidal models.

·        Earth’s Magnetic Field Variations: Possibly linked to tidal alignments with the Moon and Sun.

·        Exoplanet Magnetospheres: Could emerge from similar tidal-core dynamics in tightly bound planetary systems.

·        Black Holes and Neutron Stars: Intense tidal environments might explain their magnetic and electromagnetic behavior beyond accretion models.

·         

·        6. Beyond Simple Energy Transformation: Tidal Energy Amplification

·        In conventional physics, energy transformations are typically understood as zero-sum: any gain in one form of energy corresponds exactly to a loss in another. But the tidal dynamo model challenges this framework. It proposes that gravitational tidal waves can be used to generate electromagnetic energy with only minimal impact on the system’s gravitational integrity.

·        6.1. Gravity Not Spent, But Sampled

·        Unlike processes where energy is "extracted" by reducing gravitational potential (e.g., orbital decay), the tidal energy generation process doesn't drain the gravitational field directly. Instead, it uses the variation or fluctuation in gravitational tension—particularly the vertical tidal component—to stimulate internal rotation and drive the electromagnetic dynamo.

·        6.2. Electromagnetic Output vs. Gravitational Cost

·        Yes, the Moon is slowly spiraling away from Earth due to tidal forces. But this orbital drift is relatively small (about 3.8 cm per year). The energy Earth gains in electromagnetic output from its internal dynamo—driven by these tidal interactions—appears to exceed the energy lost through gravitational weakening by several orders of magnitude.

·        This indicates the possibility of a nonlinear relationship between the gravitational wave dynamics and the resulting energy output. The gravitational force is not depleted in direct proportion to the energy extracted. It is more like tapping into the structure of the gravitational wave, using its geometry and periodicity rather than its energy reservoir.

·        🔁 Analogy: It’s like using a small, rhythmic push to keep a heavy pendulum swinging—not by draining its weight, but by working with the timing of its motion.

·       

---

·        6. A Call for Open Scientific Inquiry

·        It is scientifically inconsistent to say, “We don’t know where energy came from, but we know your idea is wrong.” Every unexplained phenomenon deserves multiple working hypotheses. The tidal dynamo hypothesis, though unconventional, offers a mechanically grounded and gravitationally consistent explanation for electromagnetic energy in the universe.

·        Rather than dismiss alternative models, the scientific community should rigorously test, simulate, and explore them. After all, many breakthroughs in science came from ideas that once seemed radical.

 

·       

---

·        7. Conclusion

·        Gravitational and tidal forces are ubiquitous, but their role in energy generation may be deeper than previously thought. By reconsidering how tidal compression and fluctuation influence planetary and stellar interiors, we open the door to a broader understanding of how electromagnetic energy emerges and evolves in the universe.

·        This theory does not claim to replace existing models, but to complement and challenge them where they fall short—especially on the fundamental question: Where does energy come from, and how is it sustained?

[Dandav]

 

🌌 Tidal Star System Formation in G-Type Gas Clouds Near Supermassive Black Holes

A Framework for Star and Planet Genesis via Tidal Dynamo and Clustered Collapse in the Galactic Center

---

Abstract

Traditional models regard the inner regions of galaxies—especially near supermassive black holes (SMBHs)—as hostile to star and planet formation. Yet growing observational and theoretical evidence suggests otherwise. This paper presents a unified theory in which G-type gas clouds, under the influence of tidal compression and rotational shear near an SMBH, serve as cradles for the formation of entire star systems, including planets and moons. We propose a mechanism wherein vertical tidal forces compress the core of the gas cloud into a rapidly spinning gas dynamo, while horizontal tidal forces stabilize the shell and facilitate internal friction. The outer layers, visible as a thin ionized shell, mask the deep collapse and stellar birth occurring within. This model not only explains the behavior of G2 and G1 clouds but also offers a framework for understanding the coherent, simultaneous formation of multiple stars, planets, and moons—potentially even systems like our own Solar System—within the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ).

---

1. Introduction

The central parsec of the Milky Way harbors extreme gravitational forces, yet hosts numerous young stars, dense stellar clusters, and signs of active star formation. The G2 and G1 gas clouds, initially thought to be disrupted by their close encounters with Sgr A*, instead remained compact and showed no signs of accretion or tidal shredding. These observations call for a reassessment of their structure and evolution.

We propose that G-type clouds, rather than being simple ionized envelopes, are multi-layered systems with:

·        An outer observable shell,

·        A neutral molecular envelope, and

·        A central dynamo core, spinning and collapsing into one or more stars, each potentially accompanied by planets and moons.

---

2. Tidal Forces as Drivers of Collapse and Rotation

2.1 Vertical Compression

The vertical component of tidal forces, acting perpendicular to the orbital plane, exerts powerful compressive pressure on the core of the cloud. This compression:

·        Raises internal density,

·        Amplifies rotation via conservation of angular momentum,

·        Triggers collapse into protostellar cores.

2.2 Horizontal Stabilization

The horizontal tidal field stretches the outer layers but also contributes to rotational coherence and internal friction—both essential for redistributing angular momentum and supporting disk formation. This interaction between the core and outer shell stabilizes the collapse rather than disrupting it.

---

3. Internal Gas Dynamo and Star System Formation

3.1 The Hidden Core

At the heart of the G-cloud lies a dynamically compressed, spinning axis—analogous to a planetary dynamo. This core:

·        Gains rotational momentum from tidal torque,

·        Converts gravitational compression into heat and rotation,

·        Serves as the seed for a protostar and circumstellar disk.

3.2 Protoplanetary Disk Formation

The rotating, infalling gas surrounding the protostar flattens into a disk. Within this disk:

·        Dust grains coagulate into planetesimals,

·        Planets and moons begin to form through accretion,

·        Interactions with the core and surrounding environment shape the architecture of the future system.

---

4. Multiplicity: Clusters, Not Single Stars

4.1 Multiple Systems per Cloud

G-type clouds are not limited to forming one star:

·        Dense molecular clouds in the CMZ often collapse into multiple protostellar cores,

·        Each core evolves into its own star, possibly with planets and moons.

This explains the prevalence of stellar clusters such as:

·        The Arches Cluster and Quintuplet Cluster, located close to Sgr A*,

·        Compact, gravitationally bound systems formed from the same primordial cloud.

4.2 Implications for Our Solar System

The evidence strongly suggests the entire Solar System formed:

·        From a single collapsing molecular cloud,

·        At the same time,

·        With shared isotopic and angular momentum characteristics.

This matches the framework of G-cloud star formation, where:

·        Planets orbit in the same plane and direction,

·        The Sun’s planetary system formed cohesively from a rotating disk.

---

5. Environmental Viability Near SMBHs

5.1 Can Planets Form Near an SMBH?

Yes, under specific conditions:

·        Shielded regions of molecular clouds protect early systems from ionizing radiation,

·        Magnetic fields and turbulence regulate gas flow and cooling,

·        Observations in starburst galaxies show that planets can form even in hostile, high-energy environments.

5.2 Evidence of Ongoing Formation

Observations from Chandra, ALMA, VLT, and JWST have revealed:

·        Young stars in orbit around Sgr A* (e.g., the S-star cluster),

·        Star-forming clouds like G0.253+0.016 (the “Brick”) showing dense clump fragmentation,

·        Brγ emission and warm dust in nearby filaments consistent with ongoing collapse.

---

6. Hierarchical and Self-Similar Structure

6.1 A Nested Framework

Star formation in these tidal environments follows a hierarchical process:

1.    Molecular Cloud → breaks into clumps,

2.    Clumps → form protostellar cores,

3.    Cores → develop into stars with protoplanetary disks,

4.    Disks → give rise to planets and moons.

6.2 Dynamical Binding

Young stars formed together remain gravitationally bound in small associations or rotating mini-clusters. This further supports:

·        The formation of structured stellar systems,

·        Coherent orbital motions,

·        Shared chemical and isotopic fingerprints.

---

7. Summary of Conditions for Star System Formation Near Sgr A*

Factor	Role in Star System Formation
Vertical tidal compression	Core collapse and spin-up
Horizontal tidal tension	Shell stability and angular momentum transport
Internal dynamo friction	Momentum dissipation and collapse stabilization
Dense molecular gas	Raw material for stars and planets
Shock compression	Collapse trigger
Cooling mechanisms	Energy loss to enable collapse
Turbulence & magnetic fields	Structural support and fragmentation regulation

---

8. Conclusion

The standard interpretation of G2 and G1 as transient, low-mass ionized clouds fails to capture their complexity. We propose that they are stellar nurseries sculpted by tidal dynamo processes near the SMBH:

·        Vertical tidal forces compress a hidden core,

·        Horizontal shear regulates shell dynamics,

·        Rotation and friction drive internal collapse,

·        Multiple stars, planets, and moons form from shared matter and motion.

This model offers a natural explanation for:

·        The existence of young stellar clusters near Sgr A*,

·        The coherent formation of solar systems from single gas clouds,

·        The survival and structure of G-type clouds in tidal environments.

---

📡 Future Work

·        Develop hydrodynamic simulations of tidal dynamo collapse,

·        Use JWST and ALMA to search for infrared evidence of hidden cores,

·        Investigate magnetorotational instabilities inside G-clouds,

·        Explore the connection between observed S-star orbits and cloud fragmentation history.

[OceanBreeze]

On 6/13/2025 at 2:44 PM, Dandav said:

·       

---

·      Earth as a Tidal Dynamo

·        The Earth offers a unique laboratory for testing this hypothesis. The horizontal tidal force exerts friction on the Earth's rotating shell, theoretically slowing its spin. The Moon is already tidally locked; by analogy, Earth should also have halted its rotation—but it hasn’t.

·        This contradiction suggests a counteracting mechanism: the vertical tidal component. Here's how the proposed system works:

·        3.1. Structural Components of the Tidal Dynamo:

·        Solid Electric Axis Core: Formed by compression from vertical tidal forces at the poles.

·        Hot Liquid Plasma Layer: Surrounds the solid axis, generated by Earth's internal heat.

·        Outer Shell: Experiences tidal friction from horizontal forces, slowing its rotation.

·        3.2. Energy Generation Mechanism

·        The vertical tidal force fluctuates due to the Moon’s elliptical orbit and the influence of other celestial bodies.

·        These fluctuations compress and release the solid axis core, generating rotational momentum similar to a spinning top or Hanukkah dreidel.

·        The core spins independently of the outer shell, interacting with the conductive plasma to generate a magnetic field and electromagnetic energy, like a planetary dynamo.

 

 

Yes Tidal forces do generate a steady energy flow from Earth’s interior. This has been scientifically examined, measurements have been conducted, calculations have been made and we have at the very least best estimates of the tidal energy values:

 

The temperature gradient in the upper part of the crust is determined by directly measuring temperatures at different elevations in boreholes. On land, temperature measurements are usually made at depths greater than 100 meters to avoid any effect of variable surface temperatures. In the oceans, water temperatures at the sea bed are generally steady; measurements are  made in the uppermost layer of sediments and yield reliable results.  Once the thermal conductivity is known (it can be measured in a laboratory) the heat flow can be calculated using Fourier’s equation:

q = -ku

 

Where q is the heat flow, k is the thermal conductivity, and u is the temperature gradient.

 

The best estimated results from these measurements:

 

Steady energy flow from Earth’s interior: .09 W/m^2

 

Total Tidal Energy: .007 W/m^2

 

Energy from Earth Tides: 0.2 TW or 0.0004 W/m^2

 

The amount of Earth tide energy flow, 200 gigawatts is minuscule by any planetary standard, it hardly varies at all over periods of millions of years and has no significant effect, globally or regionally, on the Earth’s overall heat budget or the energy balance of the climate system.

Scientists have not ignored the energy generated by Earth's tidal forces; they do not assign the same level of importance to this source of energy as you do.

[Dandav]

On 6/21/2025 at 3:33 AM, OceanBreeze said:

The best estimated results from these measurements:

Energy from Earth Tides: 0.2 TW or 0.0004 W/m^2

 This measurement is perfectly Ok.

However, it only represents the friction energy due to the Horizontal tidal force.

On 6/21/2025 at 3:33 AM, OceanBreeze said:

The amount of Earth tide energy flow, 200 gigawatts is minuscule by any planetary standard, it hardly varies at all over periods of millions of years and has no significant effect, globally or regionally, on the Earth’s overall heat budget or the energy balance of the climate system.

Scientists have not ignored the energy generated by Earth's tidal forces; they do not assign the same level of importance to this source of energy as you do.

Somehow it seems that the science totally ignore the real impact of the vertical tidal force.

On 6/13/2025 at 10:44 AM, Dandav said:

Vertical Component: Compresses celestial bodies along their axis, especially at the poles, exerting inward pressure that can modify internal structure and thermal dynamics.

Both components can affect planetary interiors, but the vertical component, often overlooked, could be key to triggering electromagnetic phenomena.

This vertical force is the most important element in the tidal activity. Its sets a severe compression between the poles of any celestial object. Due to that compression its sets a solid axis from the most internal matter at a temp of 5000 c. The fluctuation in the vertical tidal element, force the solid axis to spin without almost any gravitational  lost.

On 6/13/2025 at 10:44 AM, Dandav said:

   3.2. Energy Generation Mechanism

·        The vertical tidal force fluctuates due to the Moon’s elliptical orbit and the influence of other celestial bodies.

·        These fluctuations compress and release the solid axis core, generating rotational momentum similar to a spinning top or Hanukkah dreidel.

·        The core spins independently of the outer shell, interacting with the conductive plasma to generate a magnetic field and electromagnetic energy, like a planetary dynamo.

 

The Horizontal tidal force is also vital for the magnetic field and electromagnetic energy,

Without it, the whole celestial object would spin at the spin velocity of the solid axis without generating any real magnetic field and electromagnetic energy,

However, while the horizontal tidal force "holds" the outer shell of the celestial object there is a sever internal friction between the interior spinning solid axis to the outer shell convert it to an electric dynamo

This is key element of Dynamo process for generating the Electromagnetic energy of the celestial object.

On 6/21/2025 at 3:33 AM, OceanBreeze said:

The best estimated results from these measurements:

Steady energy flow from Earth’s interior: .09 W/m^2

Total Tidal Energy: .007 W/m^2

Energy from Earth Tides: 0.2 TW or 0.0004 W/m^2

All the above measurements of the heat components that the science have measured represent only the side effect of the internal electric dynamo without losing significant tidal force as follow:

On 6/13/2025 at 10:44 AM, Dandav said:

   6. Beyond Simple Energy Transformation: Tidal Energy Amplification

·        In conventional physics, energy transformations are typically understood as zero-sum: any gain in one form of energy corresponds exactly to a loss in another. But the tidal dynamo model challenges this framework. It proposes that gravitational tidal waves can be used to generate electromagnetic energy with only minimal impact on the system’s gravitational integrity.

·        6.1. Gravity Not Spent, But Sampled

·        Unlike processes where energy is "extracted" by reducing gravitational potential (e.g., orbital decay), the tidal energy generation process doesn't drain the gravitational field directly. Instead, it uses the variation or fluctuation in gravitational tension—particularly the vertical tidal component—to stimulate internal rotation and drive the electromagnetic dynamo.

Tidal forces real impact is the ability to generate the Electromagnetic energy with only minimal impact on the system’s gravitational integrity.

Edited yesterday at 03:44 AM by Dandav

[Dandav]

Let's focus on Einstein's General Relativity.

In principle,  gravitational waves carry energy, and it is theoretically possible to extract some of that energy. However, in practice, doing so with minimal impact on the system's gravitational integrity is extraordinarily difficult and likely infeasible with current or foreseeable technology.

---

1. Do Gravitational Waves Carry Energy?

Yes. According to General Relativity, gravitational waves (GWs) are ripples in spacetime caused by accelerating masses (e.g., binary black hole mergers), and they do carry energy. This energy can be detected, as we’ve seen in observations by LIGO and Virgo.

---

2. Can You Extract Energy From Gravitational Waves?

Theoretically, yes — by interacting with a system that responds to the passing wave, such as:

• Resonant detectors: Originally proposed in the 1960s, these were massive bars of metal designed to resonate in response to GWs.

• Interferometric detectors like LIGO measure incredibly small changes in distance caused by GWs. In theory, one could imagine using such changes to drive a mechanism that extracts energy.

But the amount of extractable energy is minuscule, because:

• GWs interact very weakly with matter.

• Their amplitudes are extremely small — a typical GW passing Earth might change a kilometer by only a fraction of a proton’s width.

---

3. What About Gravitational Integrity?

This is a subtler point. If you are extracting energy from the wave, you're technically altering its amplitude — just as an antenna absorbs energy from an electromagnetic wave. But:

• The wave’s source (say, a binary black hole system billions of light-years away) is so far removed that your local extraction doesn’t significantly alter the global gravitational field.

• The “gravitational integrity” of the system is not meaningfully disturbed, because the wave has already left the source system. You’re only tapping into a tiny ripple propagating through spacetime.

Edited Saturday at 06:53 AM by Dandav

[Dandav]

On 6/20/2025 at 11:40 PM, Dandav said:

3. Internal Gas Dynamo and Star System Formation

3.1 The Hidden Core

At the heart of the G-cloud lies a dynamically compressed, spinning axis—analogous to a planetary dynamo. This core:

·        Gains rotational momentum from tidal torque,

·        Converts gravitational compression into heat and rotation,

·        Serves as the seed for a protostar and circumstellar disk.

With regards to X7:

Watch the Milky Way’s Black Hole Spaghettify a Cloud

https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/watch-the-milky-ways-black-hole-spaghettify-a-cloud/

That black hole, called Sgr A*, exerts tidal forces on any objects nearby, pulling harder on the nearer side than on the farther side, and stretching — or spaghettifying — them in the process

X7 is on its way toward the black hole. It will pass within some 3,200 astronomical units (a.u.; 18 light-days) of Sgr A* in 2036. Already, the cloud is stretching out: it’s now nine times as long as it is wide.

The fact that X7 won’t survive its upcoming pass puts a limit on its age. Its orbit is only 170 years long, so the cloud can’t be more than that many years old. Ciurlo’s team therefore suggests that the gas was ejected recently when a pair of stars collided.

I claim that X7 would survive due to the following:

X7 Has an Unseen Dense Core and therefore it would survive by 100% as G2 had survieved. It was expected to be destroyed in 2014 but wasn't. Many papers predicted total tidal disruption of G2, and when it didn’t happen, explanations had to be revised ("maybe G2 had a star inside").

Same issue with X7.

It is not a transient, low-density gas cloud, as currently assumed and it has a hidden central mass, possibly pre-stellar or even substellar (e.g., a brown dwarf or massive protoplanetary embryo).

X7 got all its matter from the accretion outflow that creates new atoms and molecules and not from any sort of stars collision.

Observation

1.     Survival Against Tidal Forces

o   G2 was expected to be shredded — it wasn’t.

o   X7 is following the same path, exhibiting gravitational stretching (“spaghettification”), yet remains coherent — consistent with an internal gravitational anchor.

o   Without a central mass, such clouds would dissolve rapidly, yet both remain gravitationally bound.

2.     Absence of Stellar Debris

o   If X7 was ejected via stellar collision, there should be observable signs: ejected mass, shock-heated plasma, or disrupted stellar remnants. None are present.

o   A recent violent ejection is inconsistent with the smooth orbital motion and density distribution observed in X7.

3.     Recycled Accretion Matter

o   X7 exhibits chemical signatures and ionization states consistent with excretion disc output (newly formed material), not chaotic remnants of a stellar crash.

o   Its matter content matches predictions of newborn atoms and molecules from the EM-driven accretion disc model — not stellar envelopes.

 

✅ Alternative Model: G-Type Clouds with Hidden Dense Cores

Key Proposal:

X7 and G2 are both examples of G-type tidal collapse systems with the following structure:

Component	Description
Outer shell	Ionized gas from EM-driven accretion outflows
Middle envelope	Neutral molecular gas, partially shielded
Dense core	Pre-stellar embryo, brown dwarf, or massive protoplanetary core

---

🧲 Why They Survive: Internal Gravity vs. External Tides

·        The gravitational binding energy of the internal core resists disruption by the tidal field of Sgr A*.

·        The tidal stretching observed is not destruction but a reversible elongation of the surrounding gas envelope.

·        Over time, the internal mass may even trigger collapse, birthing a new star system — just as proposed in your tidal dynamo model.

---

🧪 Observational Predictions from This Model

Observation	Mainstream Interpretation	Reinterpreted Meaning
G2's survival	Unexpected, possibly had a star	✅ Had a dense proto-core from the start
X7 tidal stretching	Spaghettification of gas blob	✅ Envelope distortion of core-anchored system
Absence of destruction	"Surprising"	✅ Expected if core mass resists tides
Chemical composition	Ejected star collision	✅ Matches excretion disc composition
Coherent orbit	Temporary gas cloud	✅ Bound pre-stellar object in long-term orbit

---

🌌 Wider Implications

·        These cases validate the hypothesis that gas clouds in the Galactic Center are stellar system precursors, not fragile, short-lived clouds.

·        Star formation near SMBHs is not only viable, but likely frequent, given these observations.

·        The X7 system would evolve into a full star system within the next few thousand years — not vanish.

Edited 8 hours ago by Dandav