Michaelangelica Posted August 17, 2009 Author Report Share Posted August 17, 2009 New bones from old wood By Jeff Salton00:26 August 16, 2009 PDT Scientists have turned to trees in the search for better materials to use in human bone transplants. A new procedure being developed in Italy aims to turn blocks of wood - specifically red oak, rattan and sipo - into artificial bones. It is hoped that wood-derived bone substitutes will allow faster and more secure healing than currently available with metal and ceramic implants. In the U.S., bone grafts are second only to blood transfusions on the list of transplants, hence, the amount of activity currently being undertaken in his field. In this instance, the researchers chose wood because it closely resembles the physical structure of natural bone, "which is impossible to reproduce with conventional processing technology." "Our purpose is to convert native wood structures into bioactive, inorganic compounds destined to substitute portions of bone," said Anna Tampieri, a scientist at the Instituto Di Scienza E Techologia Dei Materiali Ceramici in Italy. To create the bone substitute, a block of wood - red oak, rattan and sipo work best – is heated until all that remains is pure carbon, which is basically charcoal. New bones from old wood Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Michaelangelica Posted November 25, 2009 Author Report Share Posted November 25, 2009 A Google Translation! 木炭による畑地灌漑用水の浄化 Farmlands irrigation water purification by charcoal Yamaoka Takashi Hata, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Development land development 山 岡 賢 Okayama Ken Is there any use of the charcoal? There was a question like that from Japan.In the same County, by expanding the use of charcoal produced from forest resources in mountainous areas, or it could be activated図Renai region. As a result, the field of materials development laboratory water purification and soil improvement material was examined from two aspects of a single charcoal. 。 This result is considered as the result of water purification materials. 2 One challenge to the two questions! Cases using charcoal to purify water, which has many already. 。 Some scrutinize them, two of the three had any questions. 1.流Shitara effective or how the charcoal water. 2. Whether the water should flow through the charcoal is how much. Therefore, Figure 1 shows the different flow of Wed 4 type (horizontal flow, downflow, upflow and trickling filter) has been to create a model of experiment 1). Model type Figure 1 model type (if you sink Wed) Purification by charcoal (1) compare the flow of Wed - Favor upflow type -- A comparison of water passed through the charcoal, the other three except the trickling filter type is little difference in the type. However, after checking the amount of sediment in the model, type upflow charcoal, since many small deposits in the tank to the upper chamber than in other types of charcoal (Figure 2), the cleansing effect of the same type It is advantageous to continue. Figure 2 in the model sediment (2)水量の設定 (2) Set the water－水の流れはゆっくりと－ - The flow of water is slowly --水量を木炭槽に対する滞留時間に換算して実験結果を整理すると図3のとおりです。 Figure and organize the experimental results in terms of retention time on the water tank 3 is as charcoal. 同図によると、浮遊物質(SS)を50%以上除去するには、2時間程度の滞留時間が必要です。 According to the same figure, suspended solids (SS) to eliminate more than 50 percent of the required residence time of about two hours. これは流速にすると、約0.25cm/minという、極めてゆっくりとしたものです。 This is when the flow rate of about 0.25cm/min that is extremely slow.実験は畑地かんがい用水の浄化を想定して実施しましたが、以上の結果は水路やため池などでの水質浄化にも参考になると考えます。 Experiment was conducted to purify the water to irrigate farmlands expected, the result will be more helpful to think of the water purification and irrigation ponds and waterways.Figure 3 Effect of residence time and purification tank charcoal Figure 3 Effect of residence time and purification tank charcoal (Upflow type model) １）山岡賢、凌祥之、齊藤孝則（2001）：木炭による水質浄化の効果、水と土、126、77-83 1) Ken Yamaoka, Yoshiyuki Ling, Takanori Saito (2001): Effect of water purification by charcoal, water and soil ,126,77-83農業工学研究所ニュース 第25号 2003 The Institute for Rural Engineering News No. 25, 2003Google Translate Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Michaelangelica Posted December 26, 2009 Author Report Share Posted December 26, 2009 December 15, 2009 | 47 commentsSubcontinental Smut: Is Soot the Culprit Behind Melting Himalayan Glaciers?Greenhouse gases alone cannot explain the warming climate in the Himalayas. New studies are pointing to soot By Davide Castelvecchi * Video The Indo-Gangetic plain, one of the most fertile and densely populated areas on Earth, has become a hotspot for emissions of black carbon (shown in purple and white) SAN FRANCISCO—The Himalaya Mountain region is warming up three to five times faster than the global trends—or about half a degree Celsius per decade—and many of its glaciers are rapidly losing mass. Greenhouse gases alone cannot explain this warming, however, and several new studies are pointing to an old form of pollution: soot. A thick cloud of soot covers most of India, produced in part by millions of small cooking stoves, which typically burn wood. Soot, also known as black carbon, is made of particles less than a micron wide resulting from incomplete, inefficient combustion. (A micron is one millionth of a meter.) Globally, soot from sources such as forest fires and power stations is considered a major contributor to climate. The particles linger in the air, where they absorb sunlight and contribute to warming the atmosphere; they may also affect cloud formation and precipitation. But soot also eventually falls to the ground. When it lands on snow it can significantly darken it, so that glaciers absorb more sunlight and are warmed.Subcontinental Smut: Is Soot the Culprit Behind Melting Himalayan Glaciers?: Scientific AmericanHence the importance of the 'stoves" Listserv list/discussion group. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Michaelangelica Posted December 26, 2009 Author Report Share Posted December 26, 2009 December 7, 2009 | 2 commentsCarbon Nanotubes Turn Office Paper into BatteriesBeyond cover sheets and TPS reports–white copy paper could be the basis for lightweight, inexpensive batteries By Charles Q. Choi brushed-on nanotubes,paper batteru CURRENT CALLIGRAPHY: Ink loaded with carbon nanotubes can be brushed onto paper–in this case, forming the Chinese characters for "conductive". Such nanotube-impregnated paper could lead to advanced, lightweight batteries.Courtesy of Yuan Yang and Liangbing Hue-mail print comment The batteries were then dipped in an electrolyte of lithium hexafluorophosphate . . . Close to conventional storage cells These paper batteries, described online December 7 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , were as good as conventional ones in terms of energy storage and recharging-cycle life. Based on their experiments, the researchers say that incorporating carbon nanotube paper into conventional rechargeable batteries could reduce their weight by up to 20 percent. . . .ds. The carbon nanotubes bonded very strongly to the paper, obviating the need for adhesives that decrease performance and significantly increase production costs, Cui and his colleagues note. The battery could also bend and curl without losing its ability to conduct a charge and "can be easily laminated into flexible computers to power the devices," he suggests. The team noted in their paper that its technique is easily scalable for mass production, and that the ink could even be painted on with brushes, if desired. Paper trail These new devices are the latest in a series of paper batteries that have emerged in recent years. For instance, in 2007 biopolymer expert Robert Linhardt of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y., and his colleagues made batteries with a composite of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and paper as the cathode, a lithium metal film as the anode and aluminum foil as the current collector. They carried out experiments where sweat or blood operated as their electrolytes, suggesting they could find uses in bodily implants. Read Comments (2) | Post a comment 1 2 Next > SharePropeller Digg! Reddit delicious Fark Slashdot RT @sciam Carbon Nanotubes Turn Office Paper into BatteriesTwitter Review it on NewsTrust sharebar end You Might Also Like * Flex Appeal: Researchers Create Carbon Nanotube Muscles * The World's Smallest Radio * Thinking Big * Scoring with Buckyballs * Scientists Fashion First Single-Molecule Transistors * Political Science * Graphene Electronics Inches Closer to Mass Production * carbon nanotubes Danger? Nanotube-Infested Waters Created in the Lab * WidgetsWidgets © 1996-2009 Scientific American Inc. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. Scientists create paper-thin, flexible, biodegradable batteryResearchers present new lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors that are based on carbon nanotubes and paper.Scientists create paper-thin, flexible, biodegradable battery-- Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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